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Indoor and Built Environment
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Carbon Monoxide and Volatile Organic Compounds as Indicators of Indoor Air Quality in Underground Parking Facilities

M. El Fadel

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut

I. Alameddine

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut

M. Kazopoulo

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut

M. Hamdan

Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon

R. Nasrallah

Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon

The provision of underground parking facilities (UPFs) has become a necessity particularly in densely popu lated urban areas and business districts. Indoor air quali ty (IAQ) in such facilities is of great concern due to vehi cle-induced emissions. This paper presents an IAQ as sessment at six representative UPFs in Beirut using car bon monoxide and volatile organic compounds as IAQ indicators. For this purpose, concentrations of both pol lutants were measured at different time intervals throughout the day. Vehicular emission factors (EFs) were estimated using the EMFAC7F1.1 model. A tran sient mass balance model was then applied to construct concentration profiles. The ventilation rates required to maintain pollutant concentrations within acceptable standards were estimated under maximum UPF occu pancy, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted to evalu ate the effect of changes in EMFAC7F1.1 input parame ters on EFs and ventilation rates.

Key Words: Indoor air quality • Underground parking facility • .Vehicle emissions • Ventilation • EMFAC7F1.1

Indoor and Built Environment, Vol. 10, No. 2, 70-82 (2001)
DOI: 10.1177/1420326X0101000203
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