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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning among Poultry Breeders

Centre Inter-Régional de Toxicovigilance, CHR, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes

V. Valancony

CNEVA, Ploufragan

F. Blevin

CNEVA, Ploufragan

A. Baert

Centre Inter-Régional de Toxicovigilance, CHR, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes

D. Charles

GROUPAMA Bretagne, Rennes

Y. Arzel

Mutualité Sociale Agricole du Morbihan, France

J.C. Presle

Mutualité Sociale Agricole du Morbihan, France

J.P. Curtes

Centre Inter-Régional de Toxicovigilance, CHR, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes

Some two thirds of the poultry breeding industry in France are concentrated in the west of the country and produce 38% of birds bred for meat. Two successive epi sodes of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in poultry breeding establishments led the Antipoison Centre of Rennes to study factors responsible for such accidents. From 1994 to 1998, 10 accidents linked to CO were recorded, and 25 people were affected of which 76% were treated by hyperbaric oxygen therapy. None of the cases had any long-term effects. The chickens them selves are less affected, but in one incident 3,500 chick ens were found dead around the radiant heaters. A study in Morbihan from November 1996 to November 1997 in which all workers were supplied with a CO detector pre set to 50 ppm showed several instances of levels above the 50-ppm norm. Accidents were found to occur in new er tighter buildings during the coldest months of the year. Poor maintenance of gas heating equipment was a major factor as well as the age of the equipment. Ventila tion of at least 20% of an air change per hour was found necessary to keep CO levels below 50 ppm, and ventila tion at this level was judged satisfactory. The study has allowed a better understanding of the factors which lead to accidents and enabled preventive measures to be pro posed. It was felt that these should be enclosed in regula tions to ensure their implementation and the protection of workers.

Key Words: Poultry breeding • Gas heaters • Air blowers • Oxygen therapy

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