This Article Abstract Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via Web of Science (5) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Noakes, C. J. Articles by Beggs, C. B. Search for Related Content Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Use of CFD Analysis in Modifying a TB Ward in Lima, Peru

P. A. Sleigh

Aerobiological Research Group, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK

A. R. Escombe

Wellcome Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, UK

C. B. Beggs

Medical Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Design and Technology, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK

The high world-wide prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and the increase in multi-drug resistant strains (MDRTB) have prompted increased interest in engineering control solutions such as ventilation system design and the use of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI). This study considers the contribution of the ventilation airflow to the transmission of TB, and uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to examine how changes in the design of a ward, in Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima, Peru may reduce the transmission of TB from patients to health-care workers, visitors and other patients. The results of this study were used to advise the architects and engineers in the remodelling of the ward.

Key Words: CFD • Ventilation • Tuberculosis • Airborne infection • Ultraviolet

References

• Tancock N: 21st century time bomb. Developments 1998, First Quarter, pp. 30–31.
• Pablos-Mendez A, Raviglione MC, Laszlo A, Binkin N, Rieder HL, Bustreo F, Cohn DL, Lambregts-van Weezen beek CSB, Kim SJ, Chaulet P, Nunn P: Global surveillance for antituberculosis-drug resistance, 1994–1997. World Health Organization–International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Working Group on Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance . N Engl J Med 1998;338(23): 1641–1649 .[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Guidelines for preventing the transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis in health-care facilities . CDC MMRW, 28 October 1994/43(RR13): 1–132 .
• Nardell EA: Dodging droplet nuclei. Reducingthe probability of nosocomial tuberculosis-transmission in the AIDS era . Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;142: 501–503 .[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Beggs CB, Kerr KG, Donnelly JK, Sleigh PA, Mara DD, Cairns G: An engineering approach to the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other airborne pathogens, a UK hospital based pilot study . T Roy Soc Trop Med H 2000;94: 141–146 .
• Brouns C, Waters B: A guide to contaminant removal effectiveness: AIVC technical note, 28 February 1991.
• Noakes CJ, Beggs CB, Sleigh PA: Effect of room mixing and ventilation strategy on the performance of upper room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation systems . ASHRAE IAQ Conference, Tampa, FL, 15–17 March 2004.
• Wells WF: Airborne Contagion and Air Hygiene. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press , 1955.
• Riley RL, Mills CC, O’Grady F, Sultan LU, Wittstadt F, Shivpuri DN: Infectiousness of air from a tuberculosis ward . Am Rev Respir Dis 1962;85: 511–525 .[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Gammaitoni L, Nucci MC: Using a mathematical model to evaluate the efficacy of TB control measures . Emerg Infec Dis 1997;3: 335–342 .[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Nardell EA, Keegan J, Cheney SA, Etkind SC: Airborne infection: theoretical limits of protection achievable by building ventilation . Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;144: 302–306 .[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]

Indoor and Built Environment, Vol. 15, No. 1, 41-47 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/1420326X06062364


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This Article Abstract Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via Web of Science (5) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Noakes, C. J. Articles by Beggs, C. B. Search for Related Content Social Bookmarking                         What's this?